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It involves episodes of mania (extreme highs) and depression (intense lows). This condition was formerly referred to as manic depression. People with bipolar disorder may experience rapid cycling ...
PBD is similar to bipolar disorder (BD) in adults, and has been proposed as an explanation for periods of extreme shifts in mood called mood episodes. [1] [2] These shifts alternate between periods of depressed or irritable moods and periods of abnormally elevated moods called manic or hypomanic episodes. [1]
[33] [34] [35] To fit the definition of a manic episode, these behaviors must impair the individual's ability to socialize or work. [33] [35] If untreated, a manic episode usually lasts three to six months. [36] In severe manic episodes, a person can experience psychotic symptoms, where thought content is affected along with mood. [35]
The primary treatment for bipolar disorder consists of medications called mood stabilizers, which are used to prevent or control episodes of mania or depression. Medications from several classes have mood stabilizing activity. Many individuals may require a combination of medication to achieve full remission of symptoms. [2]
Dysthymia – akin to depression, with chronic symptoms; Major depressive disorder – a mood disorder involving low mood, low energy, poor self-esteem, lack of interest in enjoyable activities, and/or aches and pains; Schizoaffective disorder – cyclical mood episodes combined with psychosis; has subtypes: bipolar type and depressive type
Mood swings in bipolar I: Episodic, [42] manic episodes (severe degree) occur continuously for 7 days, [30] depressive episodes for weeks, [45] [46] and sometimes erratic episodes at moderate degree in between episodes. [30] Alterations in bipolar I and II can be rapid cyclic, which means changes of mood happen 4 times or more within a year. [47]
Mania is a syndrome with multiple causes. [7] Although the vast majority of cases occur in the context of bipolar disorder, it is a key component of other psychiatric disorders (such as schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type) and may also occur secondary to various general medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis; certain medications may perpetuate a manic state, for example prednisone ...
Typically, these manic episodes can last at least 7 days for most of each day to the extent that the individual may need medical attention, while the depressive episodes last at least 2 weeks. [ 3 ] It is a type of bipolar disorder and conforms to the classic concept of manic-depressive illness, which can include psychosis during mood episodes.