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LibreOffice Calc is the spreadsheet component of the LibreOffice software package. [5] [6]After forking from OpenOffice.org in 2010, LibreOffice Calc underwent a massive re-work of external reference handling to fix many defects in formula calculations involving external references, and to boost data caching performance, especially when referencing large data ranges.
The Atkinson index is defined as: (, …,) = {(=) / (=) / = (,...,) = +where is individual income (i = 1, 2, ..., N) and is the mean income.. In other words, the Atkinson index is the complement to 1 of the ratio of the Hölder generalized mean of exponent 1−ε to the arithmetic mean of the incomes (where as usual the generalized mean of exponent 0 is interpreted as the geometric mean).
It is conceptually one of the simplest inequality indices used in econometrics. A more frequently encountered inequality measure is the Gini coefficient which is based on the summation, over all income-ordered population-percentiles, of the cumulative income up to each percentile. That sum is divided by the maximum value that it could have (its ...
For example, at a particular time, Alice may have $10 and Bob may have $2. At some time later, Bob may have $10 and Alice may have $2. The inequality index will be the same in both cases and rather high. However, the inequality of the average will be zero, since Alice's and Bob's average holdings are equal ($6).
Symbolab is an answer engine [1] that provides step-by-step solutions to mathematical problems in a range of subjects. [2] It was originally developed by Israeli start-up company EqsQuest Ltd., under whom it was released for public use in 2011. In 2020, the company was acquired by American educational technology website Course Hero. [3] [4]
The Theil index is a statistic primarily used to measure economic inequality [1] and other economic phenomena, though it has also been used to measure racial segregation. [2] [3] The Theil index T T is the same as redundancy in information theory which is the maximum possible entropy of the data minus the observed entropy.
An inequality is said to be sharp if it cannot be relaxed and still be valid in general. Formally, a universally quantified inequality φ is called sharp if, for every valid universally quantified inequality ψ, if ψ ⇒ φ holds, then ψ ⇔ φ also holds. For instance, the inequality ∀a ∈ R. a 2 ≥ 0 is sharp, whereas the inequality ∀ ...
Data reconciliation is a technique that targets at correcting measurement errors that are due to measurement noise, i.e. random errors.From a statistical point of view the main assumption is that no systematic errors exist in the set of measurements, since they may bias the reconciliation results and reduce the robustness of the reconciliation.