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XMLStarlet is a set of command line utilities (toolkit) to query, transform, validate, and edit XML documents and files using a simple set of shell commands in a way similar to how it is done with UNIX grep, sed, awk, diff, patch, join, etc commands.
MARCXML - a direct mapping of the MARC standard to XML syntax; METS - a schema for aggregating in a single XML file descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata about a digital object; MODS - a schema for a bibliographic element set and maintained by the Network Development and MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress [6]
XPath (XML Path Language) is an expression language designed to support the query or transformation of XML documents. It was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1999, [ 1 ] and can be used to compute values (e.g., strings , numbers, or Boolean values ) from the content of an XML document.
XML Base defines the xml:base attribute, which may be used to set the base for resolution of relative URI references within the scope of a single XML element. XML Information Set or XML Infoset is an abstract data model for XML documents in terms of information items. The infoset is commonly used in the specifications of XML languages, for ...
anywhere in a tag, for example xsl:value-of.select and xsl:variable.name. name() the name of the tag being processed. Useful if the matching criteria contains |s (pipe symbols). any conditional or match criterion, for example xsl:if.test, xsl:when.test, xsl:template.select and xsl:for-each.select. @ an attribute within the XML.
The tree represented by an XML document starts at the root element and branches to the lowest level of elements. Although there is no consensus on the terminology used on XML Trees, at least two standard terminologies have been released by the W3C: The terminology used in the XPath Data Model; The terminology used in the XML Information Set.
XML validation is the process of checking a document written in XML (eXtensible Markup Language) to confirm that it is both well-formed and also "valid" in that it follows a defined structure. A well-formed document follows the basic syntactic rules of XML, which are the same for all XML documents. [ 1 ]
A processing instruction (PI) is an SGML and XML node type, which may occur anywhere in a document, intended to carry instructions to the application. [1] [2]Processing instructions are exposed in the Document Object Model as Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, and they can be used in XPath and XQuery with the 'processing-instruction()' command.