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Rafting equipment has continuously evolved and developed significantly from old rubber WW II era military surplus rafts. Modern whitewater rafts are typically made with advanced nylon or Kevlar infused plastics like PVC or urethane; though many of the more entry-level low-cost manufacturers still use a glued rubber.
Rafting events are important means of oceanic dispersal for non-flying animals. For amphibians , reptiles , and small mammals , in particular, but for many invertebrates as well, such rafts of vegetation were often the only means by which they could reach and – if they were lucky – colonize oceanic islands before human -built vehicles ...
Belyanas, disposable ships for timber rafting, were used in Russia from 16th to 20th centuries around the Volga and Vetluga rivers. Some of the largest vessels were more than 120-meter-long and could carry around 12,000 tons. They were common until the beginning of the 20th century, when the railway began to take over timber transport.
Rafting to Vancouver, British Columbia Canada (August 2006). Raftsmen in Northern Finland in the 1930s Timber rafting on the Willamette River (May 1973).. Timber rafting is a method of transporting felled tree trunks by tying them together to make rafts, which are then drifted or pulled downriver, or across a lake or other body of water.
Timber rafts by Parliament Hill in 1882. The Ottawa River timber trade, also known as the Ottawa Valley timber trade or Ottawa River lumber trade, was the nineteenth century production of wood products by Canada on areas of the Ottawa River and the regions of the Ottawa Valley and western Quebec, destined for British and American markets.
The first long-distance ocean crossing in human history and the first humans to reach Remote Oceania. [ 5 ] [ 9 ] Austronesians in Island Southeast Asia establish the Austronesian maritime trade network with Southern India and Sri Lanka , resulting in an exchange of material culture , including boat and sailing technologies and crops like ...
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Along with its propulsion system (collapsible paddles or lightweight oars) and safety equipment (PFD, clothing) the entire package is designed to be light and compact enough for an individual to negotiate rough terrain while carrying the rafting equipment together with supplies, shelter, and other survival or backcountry equipment. Modern ...