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In water purification, chalcogels have shown promise in absorbing the heavy metal pollutants mercury, lead, and cadmium from water. [103] Aerogels may be used to separate oil from water, which could for example be used to respond to oil spills. [104] [81] [76] Aerogels may be used to disinfect water, killing bacteria. [105] [106]
Processes similar to continuous foam separation have been commonly used for decades. Protein skimmers are one example of foam separation used in saltwater aquariums. The earliest documents pertaining to foam separation is dated back to 1959, when Robert Schnepf and Elmer Gaden, Jr. studied the effects of pH and concentration on the separation of bovine serum albumin from solution. [2]
Polyurethane foam (including foam rubber) is sometimes made using small amounts of blowing agents to give less dense foam, better cushioning/energy absorption or thermal insulation. In the early 1990s, because of their impact on ozone depletion , the Montreal Protocol restricted the use of many chlorine -containing blowing agents, such as ...
A foam is, in many cases, a multi-scale system. ... and the absorption of fluids can also ... foams obtained from oil-based resources. [25] Foam rubber is a type of ...
Foam fractionation is a chemical process in which hydrophobic molecules are preferentially separated from a liquid solution using rising columns of foam. It is commonly used, albeit on a small scale, for the removal of organic waste from aquariums ; these units are known as " protein skimmers ".
The easiest is looking at the surface foam. All that is needed is a system for generating foam. This might be done with a round pumping system with a nozzle and a cylinder or an air injection system into a cylinder. The cylinder is fitted with a scale to measure the foam height. This equipment may have a heater to control the temperature.