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TEN ultimately results in extensive skin involvement with redness, necrosis, and detachment of the top (epidermal) layer of the skin and mucosa.Before these severe findings develop, people often have a flu-like prodrome, with a cough, runny nose, fever, decreased appetite and malaise.
It particularly affects the skin around the mouth and distal extremities; but may also be found on the lower abdomen, buttocks, perineum, and groin. It is strongly associated with glucagonoma , a glucagon -producing tumor of the pancreas , but is also seen in a number of other conditions including liver disease and intestinal malabsorption .
In stage 4, deeper necrosis usually occurs, the fat underneath the skin is completely exposed, and the muscle may also become exposed. In the last two stages the sore may cause a deeper loss of fat and necrosis of the muscle; in severe cases it can extend down to bone level, destruction of the bone may begin, and there may be sepsis of joints.
Ecthyma gangrenosum is a type of skin lesion characterized by vesicles or blisters which rapidly evolve into pustules and necrotic ulcers with undermined tender erythematous border. " Ecthyma " means a pus forming infection of the skin with an ulcer, "gangrenosum" refers to the accompanying gangrene or necrosis.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. [1] Symptoms may include fever, rash, skin peeling, and low blood pressure. [1] There may also be symptoms related to the specific underlying infection such as mastitis, osteomyelitis, necrotising fasciitis, or pneumonia.
The exact cause of this condition is not known, but it involves collagen degeneration and a granulomatous response in the layer of the skin called the dermis, often affecting the deeper fat layer and thickening dermal blood vessels. Diagnosis is confirmed through a skin biopsy showing inflammatory cell infiltrate and necrotising vasculitis.
Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) or “Grey Scale”, is a rare syndrome characterized by painful skin lesions.The pathogenesis of calciphylaxis is unclear but believed to involve calcification of the small blood vessels located within the fatty tissue and deeper layers of the skin, blood clots, and eventual death of skin cells due to lack of blood flow. [1]
Reduced or absent sensation over the skin of the affected area [2] Ecchymosis (bruising) that progresses to skin necrosis. [2] This is because the skin changes color from red to purple and black due to clotting blood vessels [8] Rapid progression to shock despite antibiotic therapy is another indication of necrotizing fasciitis. However, those ...