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It particularly affects the skin around the mouth and distal extremities; but may also be found on the lower abdomen, buttocks, perineum, and groin. It is strongly associated with glucagonoma , a glucagon -producing tumor of the pancreas , but is also seen in a number of other conditions including liver disease and intestinal malabsorption .
Treatment typically takes place in hospital such as in a burn unit or intensive care unit. [3] [7] Efforts include stopping the cause, pain medication, and antihistamines. [3] [4] Antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids may also be used. [3] [4] Treatments do not typically change the course of the underlying disease. [3]
Ecthyma gangrenosum is a type of skin lesion characterized by vesicles or blisters which rapidly evolve into pustules and necrotic ulcers with undermined tender erythematous border. " Ecthyma " means a pus forming infection of the skin with an ulcer, "gangrenosum" refers to the accompanying gangrene or necrosis.
The exact cause of this condition is not known, but it involves collagen degeneration and a granulomatous response in the layer of the skin called the dermis, often affecting the deeper fat layer and thickening dermal blood vessels. Diagnosis is confirmed through a skin biopsy showing inflammatory cell infiltrate and necrotising vasculitis.
In stage 4, deeper necrosis usually occurs, the fat underneath the skin is completely exposed, and the muscle may also become exposed. In the last two stages the sore may cause a deeper loss of fat and necrosis of the muscle; in severe cases it can extend down to bone level, destruction of the bone may begin, and there may be sepsis of joints.
Treatment of necrosis typically involves two distinct processes: Usually, the underlying cause of the necrosis must be treated before the dead tissue itself can be dealt with. [ citation needed ] Debridement , referring to the removal of dead tissue by surgical or non-surgical means, is the standard therapy for necrosis.
Warfarin-induced skin necrosis is a condition in which skin and subcutaneous tissue necrosis (tissue death) occurs due to acquired protein C deficiency following treatment with anti-vitamin K anticoagulants (4-hydroxycoumarins, such as warfarin). [1] Warfarin necrosis is a rare but severe complication of treatment with warfarin or related ...
A multitude of symptoms is associated with gas gangrene. Distinctively, black lesions on the skin appear in a bubble form which allows visualization of gas-producing bacteria. Symptoms include: [4] Skin discoloration "Foul, sweet" smelling discharge from lesions formed on skin; Distinctive black, bubble lesions on skin; Necrosis; Fever