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Pre-Columbian population figures are difficult to estimate because of the fragmentary nature of the evidence. Estimates range from 8–112 million. [10] Scholars have varied widely on the estimated size of the Indigenous populations prior to colonization and on the effects of European contact. [11]
Map of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups - Dominant haplogroups in pre-colonial populations with proposed migration routes. A "Central Siberian" origin has been postulated for the paternal lineage of the source populations of the original migration into the Americas. [49] Membership in haplogroups Q and C3b implies Indigenous American patrilineal ...
Although the exact pre-colonization population count of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Indigenous populations diminished by between 80% and 90% during the first centuries of European colonization. Most scholars estimate a pre-colonization population of around 50 million, with other scholars arguing for an estimate of 100 ...
These pre-Columbian American culture areas may also roughly correspond to particular geographic and biological zones of the continent. During the thousands of years of native inhabitation on the continent, cultures changed and shifted. One of the oldest cultures yet found is that of the Clovis peoples. [1]
The Cambeba were a populous, organized society in the late pre-Columbian era whose population suffered a steep decline in the early years of the Columbian Exchange. The Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana traversed the Amazon River during the 16th century and reported densely populated regions running hundreds of kilometers along the river.
Dobyns is best known for his theories about the population of the Native Americans (Indians) prior to the discovery of the Americas by Columbus in 1492. Before Dobyns, scholars estimated the pre-Columbian population of the United States and Canada at about one million people. Dobyn's postulated instead a population of 9.8 to 12.2 million, an ...
For the year 1500 AD, Angus Maddison estimates a population of 7.5 million for pre-Hispanic Mexico. He estimates that the population of what became Canada was probably close to 250,000 and 2 million for what became the United States. Maddison's total for all of pre-contact North America, then, is 9.75 million. [25]
Map of the Americas showing pre-Clovis settlements. Historically, researchers believed a single theory explained the peopling of the Americas, focusing on findings from Blackwater Draw New Mexico, where human artifacts dated from the last ice age were found alongside the remains of extinct animals in 1930s [31] This led to the widespread belief in the "Clovis-first model," proposing that the ...