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  2. Hydroxyl radical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_radical

    The hydroxyl radical can damage virtually all types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, nucleic acids , lipids (lipid peroxidation) and amino acids (e.g. conversion of Phe to m-Tyrosine and o-Tyrosine). The hydroxyl radical has a very short in vivo half-life of approximately 10 −9 seconds and a high reactivity. [5]

  3. Radical (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)

    The hydroxyl radical, Lewis structure shown, contains one unpaired electron. Lewis dot structure of a Hydroxide ion compared to a hydroxyl radical. In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron.

  4. Amino radical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_radical

    The amino radical has two characteristic electronic states: The more stable electronic state is 2 B 1, where the unpaired electron is in the p-orbital perpendicular to the plane of the molecule (π type radical). The high energy electronic state, 2 A 1, has the two electrons in the p-orbital and the unpaired electron in the sp 2 orbital (σ ...

  5. Spin chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_chemistry

    Example radical: Structure of Hydrocarboxyl radical, lone electron indicated as single black dot. A radical is a molecule with an odd number of electrons, and is induced in a variety of ways, including ultraviolet radiation. A sun burn is largely due to radical formation from this radiation. The radical-pair, however, is not simply two radicals.

  6. Reactive oxygen species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species

    Specific examples include stroke and heart attack. [ citation needed ] In general, the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species on the cell are the damage of DNA or RNA, oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids ( lipid peroxidation ), oxidation of amino acids in proteins, and oxidative deactivation of specific enzymes by oxidation ...

  7. Scientists unveil radical new ‘missing law’ to explain the ...

    www.aol.com/news/scientists-unveil-radical...

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  8. Radical theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_theory

    Radical theory is an obsolete scientific theory in chemistry describing the structure of organic compounds.The theory was pioneered by Justus von Liebig, Friedrich Wöhler and Auguste Laurent around 1830 and is not related to the modern understanding of free radicals.

  9. List of Latin legal terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_legal_terms

    The law of the country, state, or locality where the matter under litigation took place. Usually used in contract law, to determine which laws govern the contract. / ˈ l ɛ k s ˈ l oʊ s aɪ / lex scripta: written law Law that specifically codifies something, as opposed to common law or customary law. liberum veto: free veto