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Lentigo maligna is a histopathological variant of melanoma in situ. [6] Lentigo maligna is sometimes classified as a very early melanoma, [7] and sometimes as a precursor to melanoma. [8] When malignant melanocytes from a lentigo maligna have invaded below the epidermis, the condition is termed lentigo maligna melanoma. [2]
Neither sentinel lymph node biopsy nor other diagnostic tests should be performed to evaluate early, thin melanoma, including melanoma in situ, T1a melanoma or T1b melanoma ≤ 0.5mm. [114] People with these conditions are unlikely to have the cancer spread to their lymph nodes or anywhere else and have a 5-year survival rate of 97%. [114]
Lentigo maligna is the non-invasive skin growth that some pathologists consider to be a melanoma-in-situ. [3] A few pathologists do not consider lentigo maligna to be a melanoma at all, but a precursor to melanomas. Once a lentigo maligna becomes a lentigo maligna melanoma, it is treated as if it were an invasive melanoma.
Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) is a type of skin cancer that typically starts as an irregularly edged dark spot typically on sun-exposed part of the body. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The colour may be variable with dark, light and reddish shades; occasionally no color at all. [ 2 ]
Melanoma is a group of serious skin cancers that arise from pigment cells (melanocytes); acral lentiginous melanoma is a kind of lentiginous [8] skin melanoma. [6] ALM makes up less than 5% of all melanomas, but is considered the most common subtype in people with darker skin and is rare in people with lighter skin types. [ 9 ]
In the United States there has been an increase in the 5-year relative survival rate between people diagnosed with cancer in 1975-1977 (48.9%) and people diagnosed with cancer in 2007-2013 (69.2%); these figures coincide with a 20% decrease in cancer mortality from 1950 to 2014. [8]
In recognition of his contribution, the depth of invasion of melanoma is referred to by the eponym Breslow's depth. Subsequent studies confirmed and refined the role of depth of invasion in the prognosis of malignant melanoma. [2] [3] Currently, Breslow's depth is included in the AJCC staging guidelines for melanoma as a major prognostic factor.
In comparison, the mortality rate of melanoma is 15–20% and it causes 6500 deaths per year. [67]: 29, 31 Even though it is much less common, malignant melanoma is responsible for 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths. [68] The survival rate for people with melanoma depends upon when they start treatment.