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This list covers optical lens designs grouped by tasks or overall type. The field of optical lens designing has many variables including the function the lens or group of lenses have to perform, the limits of optical glass because of the index of refraction and dispersion properties, and design constraints including realistic lens element center and edge thicknesses, minimum and maximum air ...
As a consequence many exotic glasses have been used in modern lens manufacturing. Caesium [1] and lanthanum [2] glass lenses are now in use because of their high refractive index and very low dispersion properties. It is also likely that a number of other transition element glasses are in use but manufacturers often prefer to keep their ...
The Minolta AF Macro 100 mm f / 2.8 lens is a discontinued macro lens produced by Minolta that was renowned for its sharpness [2] all the while garnering raving reviews [3] also. . This lens achieves a true 1:1 magnification of the subject matter of interest to the photograph
The normal "full-stop" f-number scale for modern lenses is as follows: 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32, but many lenses also allow setting it to half-stop or third-stop increments. A "slow" lens (one that is not capable of passing a lot of light through) might have a maximum aperture from 5.6 to 11, while a "fast" lens (one that can ...
On a Nikon DX format DSLR, a 50 mm lens is cropped to the angle of a view of a short telephoto lens (~75 mm equivalent; field-of-view crop is 1.54). Prime lenses can be cheaper and easier to manufacture than zoom lenses, and may have better optical characteristics compared with zoom lenses of comparable price.
The camera equation, or G#, is the ratio of the radiance reaching the camera sensor to the irradiance on the focal plane of the camera lens. [8] The maximum usable aperture of a lens is specified as the focal ratio or f-number, defined as the lens's focal length divided by the effective aperture (or entrance pupil), a dimensionless number. The ...
(f /2 is 4 times larger than f /4 in the aperture area.) The aperture range of a 50 mm Minolta lens, f /1.4 – f /16. Lenses with apertures opening f /2.8 or wider are referred to as "fast" lenses, although the specific point has changed over time (for example, in the early 20th century aperture openings wider than f /6 were considered fast. [9]
A simple zoom lens system. The three lenses of the afocal system are L 1, L 2, L 3 (from left). L 1 and L 2 can move to the left and right, changing the overall focal length of the system (see image below). There are many possible designs for zoom lenses, the most complex ones having upwards of thirty individual lens elements and multiple ...