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Perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) are chemical compounds of the formula C n F (2n+1) SO 3 H and thus belong to the family of perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFASs). The simplest example of a perfluorosulfonic acid is the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid .
PFA is commonly used as a material for piping and as fittings for aggressive chemicals, as well as the corrosion-resistant lining of vessels in the chemical-processing industry. Typical applications include the construction of gas scrubbers, reactors, containment vessels and piping. [ 6 ]
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) is a PFAS chemical compound having a four-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group. It is stable and unreactive because of the strength of carbon–fluorine bonds. It can occur in the form of a colorless liquid or a corrosive solid. [1]
The first model for Nafion, called the cluster-channel or cluster-network model, consisted of an equal distribution of sulfonate ion clusters (also described as 'inverted micelles' [4]) with a 40 Å (4 nm) diameter held within a continuous fluorocarbon lattice. Narrow channels about 10 Å (1 nm) in diameter interconnect the clusters, which ...
The process does not work on perfluorosulfonic acids such as PFOS. [237] A 2022 study published in Chemical Science shows breakdown of C-F bonds and their mineralization as YF 3 or YF 6 clusters. [238] Another study in the Journal of the American Chemical Society described the PFASs breakdown using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). [239]
Chemical process modeling is a computer modeling technique used in chemical engineering process design. It typically involves using purpose-built software to define a system of interconnected components, [ 1 ] which are then solved so that the steady-state or dynamic behavior of the system can be predicted.
The laminar finite rate model computes the chemical source terms using the Arrhenius expressions and ignores turbulence fluctuations. This model provides with the exact solution for laminar flames but gives inaccurate solution for turbulent flames, in which turbulence highly affects the chemistry reaction rates, due to highly non-linear Arrhenius chemical kinetics.
PFPEs are chemically inert to many acids and oxidants (like fuming sulfuric acid (oleum, SO 3), chlorine gas, oxygen) and solvents, etc. . PFPEs are non-toxic under normal conditions, nonflammable, and exhibit unusually high load carry capabilities.