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One thesis is that the conquest of Syria and Egypt, dominantly inhabited by Sunni Muslims, from the Mamluks in the early 16th century led to the adoption of Sunni Islam. According to this thesis, Sunni Islam helped the Ottoman state legitimize its rule over Muslims and the Ottoman sultans to acquire a more universal title, the caliph or, in ...
Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432 CE); Emirate of Al-Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi (685-687) Al-Mukhtar ruled most of Iraq, except for Basra.His rule also extended to Arminiya and Isfahan.
Until recently Shia–Sunni relations have been cordial, and a majority of people of both sects participated in the creation the state of Pakistan in the 1940s. [4] Despite the fact that Pakistan is a Sunni majority country, Shia have been elected to top offices and played an important part in the country's politics.
Since the founding of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman law and religious life were defined by the Hanafi madhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence). With respect to creed, the Maturidi school was majorly adhered to, dominating madrassahs (Islamic Both the Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of Islamic theology used Ilm al-Kalam to understand the Quran and the hadith (sayings and actions of Mohammed and the ...
Pan-Islamic Sunni Muslims such as Maududi and the Muslim Brotherhood, embraced the creation of a new caliphate, at least as a long-term project. [45] Shia leader Ruhollah Khomeini [Note 1] also embraced a united Islamic supra-state [Note 2] but saw it led by a (Shia) religious scholar of fiqh (a faqih). [52]
The second part is the differentiation and distinction of the Shia as a separate sect within the Muslim community, and the opposition of the Sunni caliphs. This part starts after the Battle of Karbala and lasts until the formation of the Shia states about 900. During this section Shi'ism divided into several branches.
The Ottoman Empire [k] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n / ⓘ), also called the Turkish Empire, [23] [24] was an imperial realm [l] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]