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Group rights, also known as collective rights, are rights held by a group as a whole rather than individually by its members. [2] In contrast, individual rights are rights held by individual people ; even if they are group-differentiated, which most rights are, they remain individual rights if the right-holders are the individuals themselves.
A reference group can be either from a membership group or non-membership group. An example of a reference group being used would be the determination of affluence. An individual in the U.S. with an annual income of $80,000, may consider themself affluent if they compare themself to those in the middle of the income strata, who earn roughly ...
Researchers have investigated the relationship between race and genetics as part of efforts to understand how biology may or may not contribute to human racial categorization. Today, the consensus among scientists is that race is a social construct, and that using it as a proxy for genetic differences among populations is misleading. [1] [2]
Differences between these two groups is attributed to phenotypic plasticity and are too few for them to be termed as wholly different species. [7] Emergence of variants of the same species may occur in the same geographical region where different habitats provide distinct ecological niches for these organisms examples of these habitats include ...
Cultural group selection is an explanatory model within cultural evolution of how cultural traits evolve according to the competitive advantage they bestow upon a group. . This multidisciplinary approach to the question of human culture engages research from the fields of anthropology, behavioural economics, evolutionary biology, evolutionary game theory, sociology, and psycho
Optimal distinctiveness is a social psychological theory seeking to understand ingroup–outgroup differences. It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and situations. [1]
Thus, a group is seen as a "real" group when its members' behaviors are seen as stemming from shared goals or traits. Research shows that people consistently distinguish between different types of groups based on perceived entitativity. Intimacy groups, such as family and friends, are generally considered the most entitative.
They regard ethnicity as a product of specific kinds of inter-group interactions, rather than an essential quality inherent to human groups. [25] [irrelevant citation] According to Thomas Hylland Eriksen, the study of ethnicity was dominated by two distinct debates until recently. One is between "primordialism" and "instrumentalism".