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Wales (Welsh: Cymru ⓘ) is a ... It was this iron age Celtic culture, and their common language, that were called the Britons by the Romans. [25]: ...
The earliest known item of human remains discovered in modern-day Wales is a Neanderthal jawbone, found at the Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site in the valley of the River Elwy in North Wales; it dates from about 230,000 years before present (BP) in the Lower Palaeolithic period, [1] and from then, there have been skeletal remains found of the Paleolithic Age man in multiple regions of Wales ...
Wales in the Middle Ages covers the history of the country that is now called Wales, from the departure of the Romans in the early fifth century to the annexation of Wales into the Kingdom of England in the early sixteenth century. This period of about 1,000 years saw the development of regional Welsh kingdoms, Celtic conflict with the Anglo ...
Wales as a nation was defined in opposition to later English settlement and incursions into the island of Great Britain. In the early middle ages, the people of Wales continued to think of themselves as Britons, the people of the whole island, but over the course of time one group of these Britons became isolated by the geography of the western peninsula, bounded by the sea and English neighbours.
Cambria is a name for Wales, being the Latinised form of the Welsh name for the country, Cymru. [1] The term was not in use during the Roman period (when Wales had not come into existence as a distinct entity) or the early medieval period.
The English words "Wales" and "Welsh" derive from the same Old English root (singular Wealh, plural Wēalas), a descendant of Proto-Germanic *Walhaz, which was itself derived from the name of the Gaulish people known to the Romans as Volcae and which came to refer indiscriminately to inhabitants of the Western Roman Empire. [1]
The only town in Wales founded by the Romans, Caerwent, is in South Wales. Wales was a rich source of mineral wealth , and the Romans used their engineering technology to extract large amounts of gold, copper, and lead, as well as modest amounts of some other metals such as zinc and silver.
In 2024, a petition called for the prohibition of the name "Wales" and for the Welsh name Cymru to be the only name. The petition had gained 5,400 signatures by 4 January 2024, [28] [14] and over 10,000 by 15 January, meeting the threshold for a Senedd debate. [29] [30] A counter-petition was launched afterwards. [31]