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HPLC is widely used for manufacturing (e.g., during the production process of pharmaceutical and biological products), [4] [5] legal (e.g., detecting performance enhancement drugs in urine), [6] research (e.g., separating the components of a complex biological sample, or of similar synthetic chemicals from each other), and medical (e.g ...
The charged aerosol detector (CAD) is a detector used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to measure the amount of chemicals in a sample by creating charged aerosol particles which are detected using an electrometer.
For example, gentamicin is an antibiotic that can be nephrotoxic (kidney damaging) and ototoxic (hearing damaging); measurement of gentamicin through concentrations in a patient's plasma and calculation of the AUC is used to guide the dosage of this drug. [3] AUC becomes useful for knowing the average concentration over a time interval, AUC/t.
Between each sample reading, the mobile phase and filter paper are changed to ensure the best outcomes. The spot capacity (analogous to peak capacity in HPLC) can be increased by developing the plate with two different solvents, using two-dimensional chromatography. [8] The procedure begins with development of a sample loaded plate with first ...
An assay (analysis) is never an isolated process, as it must be accompanied with pre- and post-analytic procedures. Both the communication order (the request to perform an assay plus related information) and the handling of the specimen itself (the collecting, documenting, transporting, and processing done before beginning the assay) are pre-analytic steps.
Partition coefficients can be measured experimentally in various ways (by shake-flask, HPLC, etc.) or estimated by calculation based on a variety of methods (fragment-based, atom-based, etc.). If a substance is present as several chemical species in the partition system due to association or dissociation, each species is assigned its own K ow ...
When working with limiting amount of sample, an analyst might need to make a single addition, but it is generally considered a best practice to make at least two additions whenever possible. [5] Note that this is not limited to liquid samples. In atomic absorption spectroscopy, for example, standard additions are often used with solid as the ...
Silica gel particles are commonly used as a stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for several reasons, [13] [14] including: High surface area: Silica gel particles have a high surface area, allowing direct interactions with solutes or after bonding of variety of ligands for versatile interactions with the sample molecules, leading to better separations.