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William James in 1890 proposed four basic emotions: fear, grief, love, and rage, based on bodily involvement. [35] Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. [36] Wallace V. Friesen and Phoebe C. Ellsworth worked with him on the same basic structure. [37] The emotions can be linked to facial ...
Some theories about emotion consider emotions to be biologically basic and stable across people and cultures. [2] [9] [10] These are often called "basic emotion" perspectives because they view emotion as biologically basic. From this perspective, an individual's emotional expressions are sufficient to determine a person's internal, emotional state.
Plutchik's psychoevolutionary theory of basic emotions has ten postulates. The concept of emotion is applicable to all evolutionary levels and applies to all animals including humans. Emotions have an evolutionary history and have evolved various forms of expression in different species.
According to the study, that leaves us with the four basic emotions of: 1) Happiness 2) Sadness 3) Hybrids of fear and surprise 4) Hybrids of anger and disgust
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Basic Emotions: Prinz's theory is associated with the idea of basic emotions, which are a limited set of universal and ...
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In the 1990s, Ekman proposed an expanded list of basic emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions that are not all encoded in facial muscles. [29] The newly included emotions are: Amusement , Contempt , Contentment , Embarrassment , Excitement , Guilt , Pride in achievement , Relief , Satisfaction , Sensory pleasure , and Shame .
There is a debate whether there is a set of basic emotions or if there are "scripts or set of components that can be mixed and matched, allowing for a very large number of possible emotions". [2] Even those arguing for a basic set acknowledge that there are variants of each emotion (psychologist Paul Ekman calls these variants "families" [12]).