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On February 12, 1961, the Soviet spacecraft Venera 1 was the first flyby probe launched to another planet. However communications with the probe failed before it could complete its mission. [30] Venera 3, which also lost contact, marked the first time a man-made object made contact with another planet after it impacted Venus on March 1, 1966. [31]
Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. [7] [8] April 26 UK: Ariel 1: Thor-Delta: Earth Success: First British satellite in space (on American rocket) July 10 US: Telstar 1: Thor ...
first probe to cross the asteroid belt; first Jupiter probe; first man-made object on an interstellar trajectory; now in the outer regions of the Solar System but no longer contactable 1972-012A: Pioneer 11: NASA: 4 December 1974 flyby success went on to visit Saturn 1973-019A: Voyager 1: NASA: 5 March 1979 flyby success went on to visit Saturn ...
First probe to another planet; Venus flyby (contact lost before flyby) [17] [18] [19] Vostok 1: 12 April 1961 First crewed Earth orbiter (Yuri Gagarin) [20] [21] Ranger 1: 23 August 1961 Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit) [22] [23] [24] Ranger 2: 18 November 1961 Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit ...
Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays. [2] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter.
The first probe to enter another planet's atmosphere and return data. Although it did not transmit from the surface, this was the first interplanetary transmission of any probe. Landed somewhere near latitude 19° N, longitude 38° E. — Kosmos 167: 4V-1 No.311: Atmospheric probe: 17 June 1967 — — Escape stage failed; Re-entered eight days ...
Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F) is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. [6] Pioneer 10 became the first of five planetary probes and 11 artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System.
The first successful flyby of Mars was on 14–15 July 1965, by NASA's Mariner 4. [22] On November 14, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first space probe to orbit another planet when it entered into orbit around Mars. [23] The amount of data returned by probes increased substantially as technology improved. [21]