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  2. German revolution of 1918–1919 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918...

    The same can be said for Karl Dietrich Erdmann's contribution to the 8th edition of the Gebhardt Handbook for German History (Gebhardtsches Handbuch zur Deutschen Geschichte), whose viewpoint dominated the interpretation of events related to the German revolution after 1945. According to Erdmann, 1918/19 was about the choice between "social ...

  3. German Reich - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Reich

    In referring to the entire period between 1871 and 1945, the partially translated English phrase "German Reich" (/-ˈ r aɪ k /) is applied by historians in formal contexts; [3] although in common English usage this state was and is known simply as Germany, the English term "German Empire" is reserved to denote the German state between 1871 and 1918.

  4. Timeline of German history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_German_history

    German Revolution of 1918–1919: ... 1945: 20 March: The first Arnsberg Forest massacre starts, killing 71 Polish and Russian prisoners of war. Two more massacres ...

  5. People's State of Hesse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_State_of_Hesse

    The People's State of Hesse (German: Volksstaat Hessen) was one of the constituent states of Germany from 1918 to 1945, as the successor to the Grand Duchy of Hesse (German: Großherzogtum Hessen) after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I, on the territory of the current German states of Hesse and the Rhineland-Palatinate.

  6. Weimar Republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar_Republic

    The Weimar Republic, [d] officially known as the German Reich, [e] was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

  7. Nazi Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany

    The failed Ardennes Offensive (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive on the western front, and Soviet forces entered Germany on 27 January. [139] Hitler's refusal to admit defeat and his insistence that the war be fought to the last man led to unnecessary death and destruction in the war's closing months. [ 140 ]

  8. Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany–Soviet_Union...

    German documents pertaining to Soviet-German relations were captured by the American and British armies in 1945, and published by the U.S. Department of State shortly thereafter. [50] In the Soviet Union and Russia, including in official speeches and historiography, Nazi Germany has generally been referred to as Fascist Germany ( Russian ...

  9. 1945 in Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945_in_Germany

    3 February — World War II: Largest-ever USAAF daylight bombing raid on Berlin carried out by one thousand bombers and nearly 600 escort fighters of the Eighth Air Force; 8 February — World War II: A combined British and Canadian front, consisting of 50,000 soldiers with 500 tanks and 1,034 guns, enters Reichswald, southeast of Nijmegen.