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The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates.It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion.In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate [clarification needed] organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.
Skeletons of a human and an elephant. Comparative foot morphology involves comparing the form of distal limb structures of a variety of terrestrial vertebrates.Understanding the role that the foot plays for each type of organism must take account of the differences in body type, foot shape, arrangement of structures, loading conditions and other variables.
Anterior thoracic vertebrae are fused in many birds and articulate with the notarium of the pectoral girdle. [13] Diagram of a general bird pelvic girdle skeleton including the lower vertebral column sections. Note that the caudal vertebrae (5–10) are not fused in this diagram but can be in certain species.
Some lower bones of the foot are fused to form the tarsometatarsus – a third segment of the leg specific to birds. [8] It consists of merged distals and metatarsals II, III and IV. [6] Metatarsus I remains separated as a base of the first toe. [4] The tarsometatarsus is the extended foot area, which gives the leg extra lever length. [7]
Feet and ankles (52 bones) - Left and right tarsals (14) (ankle), metatarsals (10) (foot), proximal phalanges(10), intermediate phalanges (8) and distal phalanges (10) . Through anatomical variation, the appendicular skeleton may have an accessory bone. Examples include sesamoids in the hands and feet. Some occurrences are rarer than others.
This is a list of human anatomy mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized.For mnemonics in other medical specialties, see this list of medical mnemonics.Mnemonics serve as a systematic method for remembrance of functionally or systemically related items within regions of larger fields of study, such as those found in the study of specific areas of human anatomy, such as the bones in the hand ...
The Nomina Anatomica Avium (NAA) terminology instead uses the term thoracic vertebrae. In mammals, the term thoracic vertebrae refers only to the rib-bearing vertebrae of the chest, while the vertebrae of the lower back, which lack ribs, are referred to as lumbar vertebrae. This subdivision of the dorsal vertebral column is not applicable in ...
The axis of rotation in the joint is directed upward 42 degrees from the horizontal plane and 16 degrees medially from the midline of the foot. However, together, the subtalar facets form a screw or Archimedean spiral (right-handed in the right foot) about which subtalar motion occurs. So, during subtalar inversion, the calcaneus also rotates ...