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and the number of partitions of n in which all parts are 1, 2 or 3 (or, equivalently, the number of partitions of n into at most three parts) is the nearest integer to (n + 3) 2 / 12. [ 14 ] Partitions in a rectangle and Gaussian binomial coefficients
The function q(n) gives the number of these strict partitions of the given sum n. For example, q(3) = 2 because the partitions 3 and 1 + 2 are strict, while the third partition 1 + 1 + 1 of 3 has repeated parts. The number q(n) is also equal to the number of partitions of n in which only odd summands are permitted. [20]
Among the kinds of partitions considered in mathematics are partition of a set or an ordered partition of a set, partition of a graph, partition of an integer, partition of an interval, partition of unity, partition of a matrix; see block matrix, and; partition of the sum of squares in statistics problems, especially in the analysis of variance,
If there is a remainder in solving a partition problem, the parts will end up with unequal sizes. For example, if 52 cards are dealt out to 5 players, then 3 of the players will receive 10 cards each, and 2 of the players will receive 11 cards each, since 52 5 = 10 + 2 5 {\textstyle {\frac {52}{5}}=10+{\frac {2}{5}}} .
In number theory, Glaisher's theorem is an identity useful to the study of integer partitions.Proved in 1883 [1] by James Whitbread Lee Glaisher, it states that the number of partitions of an integer into parts not divisible by is equal to the number of partitions in which no part is repeated or more times.
In the number theory of integer partitions, the numbers () denote both the number of partitions of into exactly parts (that is, sums of positive integers that add to ), and the number of partitions of into parts of maximum size exactly .
Partitions of a 4-element set ordered by refinement. A partition α of a set X is a refinement of a partition ρ of X—and we say that α is finer than ρ and that ρ is coarser than α—if every element of α is a subset of some element of ρ. Informally, this means that α is a further fragmentation of ρ. In that case, it is written that ...
In number theory and computer science, the partition problem, or number partitioning, [1] is the task of deciding whether a given multiset S of positive integers can be partitioned into two subsets S 1 and S 2 such that the sum of the numbers in S 1 equals the sum of the numbers in S 2.