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In embryology, the nasal placode (or olfactory placode [1]) gives rise to the olfactory epithelium of the nose. Two nasal placodes arise as thickened ectoderm from the frontonasal process . They give rise to the nose , the philtrum of the upper lip , and the primary palate .
The medial nasal process (nasomedial) on the inner side of each nasal pit merge into the intermaxillary segment and form the upper lip, crest, and tip of the nose. [1] The medial nasal processes merge with the maxillary prominences. The lateral nasal process from each side merge to form the alae of the nose. [1]
They thicken and sink in to form Nasal Pits, which deepen to form the Nasal Sacs. At the same time, mesodermal cells proliferate around the placodes, and the sides of these swellings form the medial and lateral nasal prominences. The lateral nasal prominence is separated from the maxillary prominence by the nasolacrimal groove. [4] [9]
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The nasal placodes are also known as the olfactory placodes. This development is induced by the ventral part of the forebrain. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] In the sixth week, the ectoderm in each nasal placode invaginates to form an indented oval-shaped pit, which forms a surrounding raised ridge of tissue. [ 49 ]
The nasal placodes will give rise to the olfactory epithelium while eye placodes give rise to the lens and cornea. Expression in the different brain regions is orchestrated with the combinatorial expression of other transcription factors to give rise to the central nervous system. [ 1 ]
The cranial placodes that have neurogenic potential (i.e. give rise to neurons) can be divided into two groups, the dorsolateral placodes and the epibranchial placodes. [1] dorsolateral placodes includes: The trigeminal placode, [3] which consists of ophthalmic and maxillomandibular parts, and gives rise to the cells of the trigeminal ganglion
An opening of sphenoidal sinus forms a passage between each sphenoidal sinus [2]: 500 and the nasal cavity. Posteriorly, an opening of sphenoidal sinus opens into the sphenoidal sinus by an aperture high on the anterior wall the sinus; anteriorly, an opening of sphenoidal sinus opens into the roof of the nasal cavity via an aperture on the ...