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Naphtha (/ ˈ n æ f θ ə /, recorded as less common or nonstandard [1] in all dictionaries: / ˈ n æ p θ ə /) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat.
Petroleum naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream derived from the refining of crude oil [1] [2] [3] with CAS-no 64742-48-9. [4] It is most usually desulfurized and then catalytically reformed, which rearranges or restructures the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha as well as breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules to produce a high-octane component of gasoline (or ...
For refineries, the interest has been primarily focused on the distribution between the distillation fractions: petrol, paraffin, gas oil, lubricant distillate, etc. Refiners look at the density of the crude oil – whether it is light, medium or heavy – or the sulfur content, i.e. whether the crude oil is “sweet” or “sour”.
In other words, naphtha is a generic term rather than a specific term. The table just below lists some fairly typical straight-run heavy naphtha feedstocks, available for catalytic reforming, derived from various crude oils. It can be seen that they differ significantly in their content of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics:
Naphtha hydrotreater unit: Uses hydrogen to desulfurize the naphtha fraction from the crude oil distillation or other units within the refinery. Catalytic reforming unit: Converts the desulfurized naphtha molecules into higher-octane molecules to produce reformate , which is a component of the end-product gasoline or petrol.
Lighter fluid or lighter fuel may refer to: . Butane, a highly flammable, colourless, easily liquefied gas used in gas-type lighters and butane torches; Naphtha, a volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture used in wick-type lighters and burners
Straight-run gasoline, sometimes referred to as naphtha (and also light straight run naphtha "LSR" and light virgin naphtha "LVN"), is distilled directly from crude oil. Once the leading source of fuel, naphtha's low octane rating required organometallic fuel additives (primarily tetraethyllead) prior to their phaseout from the gasoline pool ...
A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the vacuum distillation column into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and petroleum coke.