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Mention of both the Great Library of Alexandria and the Mouseion that housed it disappear after the middle of the third century AD. [97] The last known references to scholars being members of the Mouseion date to the 260s. [97] In 272 AD, the emperor Aurelian fought to recapture the city of Alexandria from the forces of the Palmyrene queen Zenobia.
Originally the texts concerned mainly medicine, mathematics and astronomy; but other disciplines, especially philosophy, soon followed. Al-Rashid's library, the direct predecessor to the House of Wisdom, was also known as Bayt al-Hikma or, as the historian al-Qifti called it, Khizanat Kutub al-Hikma (Arabic for "Storehouse of the Books of Wisdom").
The Attalid kings formed the second-best Hellenistic library after Alexandria, founded in emulation of the Ptolemies. Parchment, a predecessor of vellum and paper, was widely used in the library, and came to be known as pergamum after the city. The library had collected over 200,000 volumes and the reason the library was so successful was ...
The cultured Pergamene rulers built up the library to be second only to the Great Library at Alexandria. [5] Flavia Melitene, who was a distinguished citizen of Pergamum and wife of a town councillor, was instrumental in supplying the library. [1] She also presented a statue of the Roman Emperor Hadrian to the library as a gift. [1]
The Serapeum of the Great Library was destroyed, possibly effecting the final destruction of the Library of Alexandria. [18] [19] The neoplatonist philosopher Hypatia was publicly murdered by a Christian mob. The Brucheum and Jewish quarters were desolate in the 5th century, and the central monuments, the Soma and Museum, fell into ruin.
The history of libraries began with the first efforts to organize collections of documents.Topics of interest include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials, arrangement and finding tools, the book trade, the influence of the physical properties of the different writing materials, language distribution, role in education, rates of literacy, budgets, staffing, libraries for ...
It is not known when he wrote his works, but they highlighted his abilities. These works and his great poetic abilities led the king Ptolemy III Euergetes to seek to place him as a librarian at the Library of Alexandria in the year 245 BC. Eratosthenes, then thirty years old, accepted Ptolemy's invitation and traveled to Alexandria, where he ...
The Great Library, as it is known, was one of many in Alexandria. From its inception around the second century BCE, Alexandria was a well known center for learning. It earned renown as the intellectual capital of the Western world up through the third century CE. [3]