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This complex is the major stabilizer of the medial knee. Injuries to the medial side of the knee are most commonly isolated to these ligaments. [1] [3] A thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the medial knee structures, along with a detailed history and physical exam, are imperative to diagnosing and treating these injuries.
If the injury to the ligament is left untreated, it may be able to heal on its own, but likely in a loosened or lengthened position. This leaves the patella vulnerable to repeated dislocation in the future. In turn, repeated dislocations can lead to tearing cartilage in the knee. Once damaged, there is increased risk of patellofemoral arthritis ...
The lateral meniscus is grooved laterally for the tendon of the popliteus, which separates it from the fibular collateral ligament.. Its anterior end is attached in front of the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia, lateral to, and behind, the anterior cruciate ligament, with which it blends; the posterior end is attached behind the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia and in front of the ...
Traumatic events: Sudden twisting or pivoting movements with the knee in flexion and rotation. Degenerative knees: Less commonly, a bucket-handle tear can occur in older individuals with preexisting meniscal degeneration. The injury frequently occurs in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL), also called the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) or tibial collateral ligament (TCL), [1] is one of the major ligaments of the knee. It is on the medial (inner) side of the knee joint and occurs in humans and other primates. Its primary function is to resist valgus (inward bending) forces on ...
If the tear causes continued pain, swelling, or knee dysfunction, then the tear can be removed or repaired surgically. The unhappy triad is a set of commonly co-occurring knee injuries which includes injury to the medial meniscus.
The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the four main ligaments of the knee, providing 85% of the restraining force to anterior tibial displacement at 30 and 90° of knee flexion. [2] The ACL is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee.
Injuries to the PLC often occur in combination with other ligamentous injuries to the knee; most commonly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). [2] As with any injury, an understanding of the anatomy and functional interactions of the posterolateral corner is important to diagnosing and treating the injury.