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The free will theorem states: Given the axioms, if the choice about what measurement to take is not a function of the information accessible to the experimenters (free will assumption), then the results of the measurements cannot be determined by anything previous to the experiments. That is an "outcome open" theorem:
In 2004, Conway and Simon B. Kochen, another Princeton mathematician, proved the free will theorem, a version of the "no hidden variables" principle of quantum mechanics. It states that given certain conditions, if an experimenter can freely decide what quantities to measure in a particular experiment, then elementary particles must be free to ...
An interactive proof session in CoqIDE, showing the proof script on the left and the proof state on the right. Coq is an interactive theorem prover first released in 1989. It allows for expressing mathematical assertions, mechanically checks proofs of these assertions, helps find formal proofs, and extracts a certified program from the constructive proof of its formal specification.
The problem of free will has been identified in ancient Greek philosophical literature. The notion of compatibilist free will has been attributed to both Aristotle (4th century BCE) and Epictetus (1st century CE): "it was the fact that nothing hindered us from doing or choosing something that made us have control over them".
Free will is the ability of agents to make choices unconstrained by certain factors. Free Will may also refer to: Free-Will, a Japanese independent record label; Free Will (Gil Scott-Heron album) (1972) Free Will (Freeway album) (2016) "Freewill" (song), a 1980 song by Rush; Free Will, a 2012 book by Sam Harris; The Free Will or Der freie Wille ...
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A renewal process has asymptotic properties analogous to the strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem. The renewal function () (expected number of arrivals) and reward function () (expected reward value) are of key importance in renewal theory. The renewal function satisfies a recursive integral equation, the renewal equation.
1971: The Cook–Levin theorem (also known as "Cook's theorem"), a result in computational complexity theory, was proven independently by Stephen Cook (1971 in the U.S.) and by Leonid Levin (1973 in the USSR). Levin was not aware of Cook's achievement because of communication difficulties between East and West during the Cold War. The other way ...