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Thyroxine, also known as T 4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T 3 ). [ 1 ]
Thyroxine is believed to be a prohormone and a reservoir for the most active and main thyroid hormone T 3. [52] T 4 is converted as required in the tissues by iodothyronine deiodinase . [ 53 ] Deficiency of deiodinase can mimic hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency. [ 54 ]
Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4). [5] [8] It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as myxedema coma. [5] It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of thyroid tumors. [5] It is not indicated for weight loss. [5]
Thyroxine is critical to metabolic regulation, and growth throughout the vertebrate clade. Iodine and T 4 trigger the change from a plant-eating water-dwelling tadpole into a meat-eating land-dwelling frog , with better neurological, visuospatial, smell and cognitive abilities for hunting, as seen in other predatory animals.
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a globulin protein encoded by the SERPINA7 gene in humans. TBG binds thyroid hormones in circulation . It is one of three transport proteins (along with transthyretin and serum albumin ) responsible for carrying the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) in the bloodstream.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, or abbreviated TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T 4), and then triiodothyronine (T 3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. [1]
Thyroid function tests (TFTs) is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid. [1] TFTs may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), or to monitor the effectiveness of either thyroid-suppression or hormone replacement therapy.
Thyroid follicular cells (also called thyroid epithelial cells or thyrocytes [1]) are the major cell type in the thyroid gland, and are responsible for the production and secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3).