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The Carboniferous (/ ˌ k ɑːr b ə ˈ n ɪ f ər ə s / KAR-bə-NIF-ər-əs) [6] is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.86 Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 Ma.
The strata become gradually younger from west to east. [1] [2] Much of Yorkshire presents heavily glaciated scenery as few places escaped the direct or indirect impact of the great ice sheets as they first advanced and then retreated during the last ice age. A simplified geology of Yorkshire
This term is typically applied to "fossil forests" of upright fossil tree trunks and stumps that have been found worldwide, i.e. in the Eastern United States, Eastern Canada, England, France, Germany, and Australia, typically associated with coal-bearing strata. [3] Within Carboniferous coal-bearing strata, it is also very common to find what ...
The essence of the method is mapping of strata based on identification of surfaces which are assumed to represent time lines (e.g. subaerial unconformities, maximum flooding surfaces), thereby placing stratigraphy in chronostratigraphic framework allowing understanding of the evolution of the Earth's surface in a particular region through time.
The Carboniferous system (equating to 359-299 Ma) is represented by four broadly parallel outcrops of the Carboniferous Limestone in the south and southeast of the county, between the more northerly two of which are outcrops of the Marros Group strata and the lower and middle Coal Measures, extending west to the shores of St Brides Bay.
From late Carboniferous times, through the Permian, South Wales lay on the northern margin of the Variscan orogen, an area affected by a complex continental collision taking place to the south. The most intensely affected rocks are those of south and central Pembrokeshire where steeply dipping and vertical strata are commonplace and multiple ...
The earliest Carboniferous rocks sit conformably on top of the youngest Devonian in Illinois; Carboniferous rocks in the state are areally extensive, regionally very well-exposed, and form a large percentage of the state's bedrock. Illinois remained marine for much of the Carboniferous, with limestones making up most of the rock deposited ...
Around 360 Ma, at the start of the Carboniferous period, Great Britain was lying at the equator, covered by the warm shallow waters of the Rheic Ocean, during which time the Carboniferous Limestone was deposited, as found in the Mendip Hills, north and south Wales, in the Peak District of Derbyshire, north Lancashire, the northern Pennines and ...