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Levels of anti-GM1 antibodies are especially elevated in patients with prodromal diarrhea. [7] Titers to GM1 in other diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus) was also elevated. [8] Additionally highly significant association was found with rheumatoid arthritis and peripheral neuropathies. [9]
Structure of GM1 ganglioside. A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain.
GM1 has important physiological properties and impacts neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, and the release of neurotrophins in the brain. Besides its function in the physiology of the brain, GM1 acts as the site of binding for both cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Traveller's diarrhea). [1] [2]
The GM1 gangliosidoses, usually shortened to GM1, are gangliosidoses caused by mutation in the GLB1 gene resulting in a deficiency of beta-galactosidase.The deficiency causes abnormal storage of acidic lipid materials in cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems, but particularly in the nerve cells, resulting in progressive neurodegeneration.
[1] Sympathetic failure manifests itself as orthostatic hypotension and anhidrosis. Orthostatic symptoms, which include lightheadedness, dizziness, or syncope upon standing and loss of postural reflex tachycardia, occur in 78% of patients. [1] Dry eyes and mouth are symptoms of parasympathetic failure caused by secretomotor dysfunction.
Bacterial neuraminidase is type of neuraminidase and a virulence factor for many bacteria including Bacteroides fragilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Its function is to cleave a sialic acid residue off ganglioside-GM1 (a modulator of cell surface and receptor activity) turning it into asialo-GM1 to which type 4 pili (attachment factors) bind preferentially.
Galactosidase, beta 1, also known as GLB1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GLB1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The GLB1 protein is a beta-galactosidase that cleaves the terminal beta- galactose from ganglioside substrates and other glycoconjugates. [ 7 ]
14667 Ensembl ENSG00000196743 ENSMUSG00000000594 UniProt P17900 Q60648 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001167607 NM_000405 NM_010299 RefSeq (protein) NP_000396 NP_001161079 NP_034429 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 151.21 – 151.27 Mb Chr 11: 54.99 – 55 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse GM2 ganglioside activator also known as GM2A is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GM2A gene ...