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V-- Flash tubes; W-- Travelling wave tube; X-- X-ray tube; Y-- Thermionic converter; The last 2 digits were serially assigned, beginning with 21 to avoid possible confusion with receiving tubes or CRT phosphor designations. Multiple section tubes (like the 3E29 or 8D21) are assigned a letter corresponding to ONE set of electrodes.
An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that converts electrical input power into X-rays. [1] The availability of this controllable source of X-rays created the field of radiography , the imaging of partly opaque objects with penetrating radiation .
Most modern X-ray generators apply a constant potential across the X-ray tube; in such systems, the kVp and the steady-state kV are identical. kVp controls the property called "radiographic contrast" of an X-ray image (the ratio of transmitted radiation through regions of different thickness or density). Each body part contains a certain type ...
The X-ray tube is a type of cathode-ray tube that generates X-rays when high voltage electrons hit the anode. [ 88 ] [ 89 ] Gyrotrons or vacuum masers, used to generate high-power millimeter band waves, are magnetic vacuum tubes in which a small relativistic effect, due to the high voltage, is used for bunching the electrons.
This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics.
Recognized effects of higher acute radiation doses are described in more detail in the article on radiation poisoning.Although the International System of Units (SI) defines the sievert (Sv) as the unit of radiation dose equivalent, chronic radiation levels and standards are still often given in units of millirems (mrem), where 1 mrem equals 1/1,000 of a rem and 1 rem equals 0.01 Sv.
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However the Geiger counter can measure counts but not the energy of the radiation, so a technique known as energy compensation of the detector tube is used to produce a dose reading. This modifies the tube characteristic so each count resulting from a particular radiation type is equivalent to a specific quantity of deposited dose.