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Candida is commonly found as a commensal yeast in the mucous membranes of humans and other warm-blooded animals. However, sometimes these same strains can become pathogenic. The yeast cells sprout a hyphal outgrowth, which locally penetrates the mucosal membrane, causing irritation and shedding of the tissues. [120]
Two forms of yeast cells can survive and grow: haploid and diploid. The haploid cells undergo a simple lifecycle of mitosis and growth, and under conditions of high stress will, in general, die. This is the asexual form of the fungus. The diploid cells (the preferential 'form' of yeast) similarly undergo a simple lifecycle of mitosis and growth.
Candida albicans growing as yeast cells and filamentous (hypha) cells. A dimorphic fungus is a fungus that can exist in the form of both mold [1] and yeast.As this is usually brought about by a change in temperature, this fungus type is also described as a thermally dimorphic fungus. [2]
Dimorphic fungi can switch between a yeast phase and a hyphal phase in response to environmental conditions. [34] The fungal cell wall is made of a chitin-glucan complex; while glucans are also found in plants and chitin in the exoskeleton of arthropods, [36] fungi are the only organisms that combine these two structural molecules in their cell ...
Saccharomyces is a genus of fungi that includes many species of yeasts. Saccharomyces is from Greek σάκχαρον (sugar) and μύκης (fungus) and means sugar fungus.Many members of this genus are considered very important in food production where they are known as brewer's yeast, baker's yeast and sourdough starter among others.
In human infection, C. neoformans is spread by inhalation of aerosolized basidiospores or dehydrated fungal cells, and can disseminate to the central nervous system, where it can cause meningoencephalitis. [21] In the lungs, C. neoformans cells are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. [22]