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  2. Lignum nephriticum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignum_nephriticum

    Bauhin observed that when water was poured into the cup with the wood shavings, the water shortly turned into "a wonderful blue and yellow color, and when held up against the light beautifully resembled the varying color of the opal, giving forth reflections, as in that gem, of fiery yellow, bright red, glowing purple, and sea green most ...

  3. Lapis lazuli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_Lazuli

    The intense blue color is due to the presence of the trisulfur radical anion (S •− 3) in the crystal. [16] The presence of disulfur (S •− 2) and tetrasulfur (S •− 4) radicals can shift the color towards yellow or red, respectively. [17] These radical anions substitute for the chloride anions within the sodalite structure. [18] The S ...

  4. Luminous gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_gemstones

    The OED defines pyrope (from Greek Πυρωπός, lit. "fire-eyed")" as: "In early use applied vaguely to a red or fiery gem, as ruby or carbuncle; (mineralogy) the Bohemian garnet or fire-garnet"; and carbuncle or carbuncle-stone (from Latin "carbunculus", "small glowing ember") as: "A name variously applied to precious stones of a red or ...

  5. Carbuncle (gemstone) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbuncle_(gemstone)

    In South American folklore, the carbuncle is a small elusive animal containing a mirror, shining gemstone or riches like gold. [4] [5] The description of the carbuncle vary, some saying it looks like a firefly in the night, or like having a bivalve-like shell and maize ear shape. [4]

  6. Colored gold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colored_gold

    Ternary plot of different colors of Ag–Au–Cu alloys [1]. Colored gold is the name given to any gold that has been treated using techniques to change its natural color. Pure gold is slightly reddish yellow in color, [2] but colored gold can come in a variety of different colors by alloying it with different elements.

  7. Mexican amber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_amber

    Mexican amber is mainly recovered from fossil bearing rocks in the Simojovel region of Chiapas, Mexico. It is one of the main minerals recovered in the state of Chiapas, much of which is from 15 to 23 million years old, with quality comparable to that found in the Dominican Republic. Chiapan amber has a number of unique qualities, including ...

  8. Chrysoberyl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysoberyl

    Stones that show a dramatic color change and strong colors (e.g., red-to-green) are rare and sought-after, [8] but stones that show less distinct colors (e.g. yellowish green changing to brownish yellow) may also be considered "alexandrite" by gem labs such as the Gemological Institute of America. [13] [14]

  9. Gemstone irradiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_irradiation

    Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is exposed to artificial radiation in order to enhance its optical properties.High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [1]