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  2. Lignum nephriticum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignum_nephriticum

    Bauhin observed that when water was poured into the cup with the wood shavings, the water shortly turned into "a wonderful blue and yellow color, and when held up against the light beautifully resembled the varying color of the opal, giving forth reflections, as in that gem, of fiery yellow, bright red, glowing purple, and sea green most ...

  3. Mexican amber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_amber

    Chiapan amber has a number of unique qualities, including much that is clear all the way through and some with fossilized insects and plants. Most Chiapan amber is worked into jewelry including pendants, rings and necklaces. Colors vary from white to yellow/orange to a deep red, but there are also green and pink tones as well.

  4. Pleochroism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleochroism

    Gems are sometimes cut and set either to display pleochroism or to hide it, depending on the colors and their attractiveness. ... green-brown / dark red / purple ...

  5. Andradite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andradite

    Melanite: Black in color due to limited substitution of titanium for iron. Also known as "titanian andradite". Forms a solid solution with morimotoite and schorlomite depending on titanium and iron content. [8] Topazolite: Yellow-green in color and sometimes of high enough quality to be cut into a faceted gemstone, it is rarer than demantoid. [7]

  6. List of individual gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones

    Bahia Emerald [2]; Carolina Emperor, [3] [4] 310 carats uncut, 64.8 carats cut; discovered in the United States in 2009, resides in the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, US

  7. Luminous gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_gemstones

    The OED defines pyrope (from Greek Πυρωπός, lit. "fire-eyed")" as: "In early use applied vaguely to a red or fiery gem, as ruby or carbuncle; (mineralogy) the Bohemian garnet or fire-garnet"; and carbuncle or carbuncle-stone (from Latin "carbunculus", "small glowing ember") as: "A name variously applied to precious stones of a red or ...

  8. Nephrite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrite

    Nephrite jade is an ornamental stone used in carvings, beads, or cabochon cut gemstones. Nephrite is also the official state mineral of Wyoming . Nephrite can be found in a translucent white to very light yellow form which is known in China as mutton fat jade, [ 1 ] in an opaque white to very light brown or gray which is known as chicken bone ...

  9. Gemstone irradiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_irradiation

    Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is exposed to artificial radiation in order to enhance its optical properties.High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [1]