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Symptoms of IVH are similar to other intracerebral hemorrhages and include sudden onset of headache, nausea and vomiting, together with an alteration of the mental state and/or level of consciousness. [6] Focal neurological signs are either minimal or absent, but focal and/or generalized seizures may occur. [6]
Focal injuries typically have symptoms that are related to the damaged area of the brain. [3] Stroke can produce focal damage that is associated with signs and symptoms that correspond to the part of the brain that was damaged. [1] For example, if a speech center of the brain such as Broca's area is damaged, problems with speech are common.
FAST is less reliable in the recognition of posterior circulation stroke. [21] Other symptoms include those that indicate a rise in intracranial pressure caused by a large mass (due to hematoma expansion) putting pressure on the brain. [15] These symptoms include headaches, nausea, vomiting, a depressed level of consciousness, stupor and death. [7]
If the appearances are not typical, other causes for the symptoms and the imaging abnormalities need to considered before PRES can be diagnosed conclusively. [4] In many cases there is evidence of constriction of the blood vessels (if angiography is performed), suggesting a possible overlap with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS).
Symptoms of a brainstem stroke frequently include sudden vertigo and ataxia, with or without weakness. Brainstem stroke can also cause diplopia, slurred speech and decreased level of consciousness. A more serious outcome is locked-in syndrome. [citation needed]
Head imaging, using either CT or MRI, can be useful for differentiating subgaleal hemorrhage from other sources of cranial bleeding. Head ultrasound is useful for the diagnosis of SGH in the hands of an operator experienced in imaging the neonatal head and scalp, and is preferable to CT due to lack of ionizing radiation.
In the case of bobble-head doll syndrome, the disturbance is related to those structures proximal to the third ventricle. [3] More research is being conducted in order to find the neurophysiologic basis for bobble-head doll syndrome and its connection with other movement disorders, but with the rare occurrence of the disorder, progress is slow. [7]
The three main signs of hyperekplexia are generalized stiffness, excessive startle response beginning at birth, and nocturnal myoclonus. [5] Affected individuals are fully conscious during episodes of stiffness, which consist of forced closure of the eyes and an extension of the extremities followed by a period of generalised stiffness and uncontrolled falling at times. [6]