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The Standard Model can incorporate baryogenesis, though the amount of net baryons (and leptons) thus created may not be sufficient to account for the present baryon asymmetry. There is a required one excess quark per billion quark-antiquark pairs in the early universe in order to provide all the observed matter in the universe. [3]
The Affleck–Dine mechanism (AD mechanism) is a postulated mechanism for explaining baryogenesis during the primordial Universe immediately following the Big Bang.Thus, the AD mechanism may explain the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the current Universe.
This means that this universe is the charge (C), parity (P) and time (T) image of the anti-universe. This pair emerged from the Big Bang epochs not directly into a hot, radiation-dominated era. The antiuniverse would flow back in time from the Big Bang, becoming bigger as it does so, and would be also dominated by antimatter.
To account for the 248 fermions in the lowest multiplet of E 8, these would either have to include anti-particles (and so have baryogenesis), have new undiscovered particles, or have gravity-like (spin connection) bosons affecting elements of the particles spin direction. Each of these possesses theoretical problems.
Particle physics models which account for dark matter or which lead to successful baryogenesis may predict a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition. [20] The electroweak baryogenesis model may explain the baryon asymmetry in the universe, the observation that the amount of matter vastly exceeds the amount of matter. [4]
Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models. A cosmological model, or simply cosmology, provides a description of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and allows study of fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. [1]
In this book Krauss demonstrates how the dark matter problem is now connected with two widely discussed areas in the modern cosmology: the ultimate fate of the universe and the cosmological constant. He also discusses an antigravity force that may explain recent observations of a permanently expanding universe.
Schematic timeline of the universe, depicting reionization's place in cosmic history. Reionization refers to a change in the intergalactic medium from neutral hydrogen to ions. The neutral hydrogen had been ions at an earlier stage in the history of the universe, thus the conversion back into ions is termed a reionization. The reionization was ...