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Monocytosis is an increase in the number of monocytes circulating in the blood. [1] Monocytes are white blood cells that give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system. In humans, monocytosis occurs when there is a sustained rise in monocyte counts greater than 800/mm 3 to 1000/mm 3 .
[4] [10] [12] Decitabine/cedazuridine (Inqovi) is a fixed-dosed combination medication for the treatment of adults with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) that was approved for use in the United States in July 2020. [27] Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment for CMML ...
It can only be contracted through direct contact with an infected person's saliva, such as through kissing or sharing toothbrushes. [33] About 95% of the population has been exposed to this virus by the age of 40, but only 15–20% of teenagers and about 40% of exposed adults actually develop infectious mononucleosis. [34]
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Leukocytosis is a condition in which the white cell count is above the normal range in the blood. [1] [2] It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, [3] most commonly the result of infection, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia.
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is an asymptomatic condition in which individuals have increased blood levels of particular subtypes of monoclonal lymphocytes (i.e. an aberrant and potentially malignant group of lymphocytes produced by a single ancestral cell).
Excessive activation of neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells leads to auto-inflammatory symptoms, while T cell and B cell dysfunction leads to autoimmunity. Failure of innate and/or adaptive immune cells to appropriately activate, recognize, and clear infectious agents causes immunodeficiency and vulnerability to infection.
Rarely, drugs (antibiotics, blood pressure medication, heart medication) can cause pancytopenia. For example, the antibiotic chloramphenicol can cause pancytopenia in some individuals. [1] Rarely, pancytopenia may have other causes, such as mononucleosis or other viral diseases. Increasingly, HIV is itself a cause of pancytopenia. [2]