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  2. Renal osteodystrophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_osteodystrophy

    Renal osteodystrophy is usually diagnosed after treatment for end-stage kidney disease begins; however the CKD-MBD starts early in the course of CKD. [1] [6] In advanced stages, blood tests will indicate decreased calcium and calcitriol (vitamin D) and increased phosphate, and parathyroid hormone levels. In earlier stages, serum calcium ...

  3. Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease...

    Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) is one of the many complications associated with chronic kidney disease. It represents a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination of the following: [ 1 ] [ 2 ]

  4. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti...

    The widespread use of NSAIDs has meant that the adverse effects of these drugs have become increasingly common. Use of NSAIDs increases risk of a range of gastrointestinal (GI) problems, kidney disease and adverse cardiovascular events. [40] [41] As commonly used for post-operative pain, there is evidence of increased risk of kidney ...

  5. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease-modifying_anti...

    Combinations of DMARDs are often used, because each drug in the combination can be used in a smaller dose than if it were given alone, thus reducing the risk of side effects. [citation needed] Many patients receive an NSAID and at least one DMARD, sometimes with low-dose oral glucocorticoids. If disease remission is observed, regular NSAIDs or ...

  6. Chronic kidney disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease

    All people with a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for 3 months are defined as having chronic kidney disease. [59] Protein in the urine is regarded as an independent marker for worsening of kidney function and cardiovascular disease. Hence, British guidelines append the letter "P" to the stage of chronic kidney disease if protein loss is significant. [60]

  7. Penicillamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillamine

    Penicillamine, sold under the brand name of Cuprimine among others, is a medication primarily used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. [1] It is also used for people with kidney stones who have high urine cystine levels, rheumatoid arthritis, and various heavy metal poisonings.

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