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Bisphosphonates are used to treat osteoporosis, osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of the bone), bone metastasis (with or without hypercalcemia), multiple myeloma, and other conditions involving fragile, breakable bone. In osteoporosis and Paget's, the most popular first-line bisphosphonate drugs are alendronate and risedronate.
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [ 4 ] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D , calcium supplementation , and lifestyle changes.
Alendronate, a common bisphosphonate drug, has a three carbon length side chain for example. [17] Risedronate has heterocyclic structure containing nitrogen. Heterocyclic nitrogen containing bisphosphonates have revealed better results in terms of activity compared to earlier bisphosphonates with nitrogen bound to carbon chain.
Prolia, approved in 2010 to treat bone loss in postmenopausal women and later approved to treat men and women at high risk of fracture, brought in total third-quarter sales of $986 million.
Alendronic acid/colecalciferol, sold under the brand name Fosamax Plus D among others, is a medication for the treatment of osteoporosis in men or in postmenopausal women. [3] [2] [4] [6] Alendronic acid/colecalciferol was approved for use in the United States and in the European Union in 2005. [7] [5]
In June 2010, denosumab was approved by the FDA for use in postmenopausal women with risk of osteoporosis [31] under the brand name Prolia, [32] and in November 2010, as Xgeva for the prevention of skeleton-related events in people with bone metastases from solid tumors. [33] Denosumab is the first RANKL inhibitor to be approved by the FDA. [31]
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. [3]
Patients being treated for osteoporosis or non-malignant bone disease with oral bisphosphonates/quarterly or yearly infusions of intravenous bisphosphonates for >5 years; Patients being treated for osteoporosis or non-malignant bone disease with bisphosphonates/denosumab for any length of time as well as being treated with systemic glucocorticoids