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Pesticide resistance is increasing. Farmers in the US lost 7% of their crops to pests in the 1940s; over the 1980s and 1990s, the loss was 13%, even though more pesticides were being used. [1] Over 500 species of pests have evolved a resistance to a pesticide. [4] Other sources estimate the number to be around 1,000 species since 1945. [5]
Various mosquito populations have been discovered to have a high level of resistance, including Anopheles gambiae s.l. in West Africa by Chandre et al 1999 through Pwalia et al 2019, A. arabiensis in Sudan by Ismail et al 2018 and The Gambia by Opondo et al 2019, and Aedes aegypti in South East Asia by Amelia-Yap et al 2018, Papua New Guinea by ...
BPUs accounted for 3% of the $ 18.4 billion world insecticide market in 2018. [3] Lufenuron, was the largest selling BPU in 2016, selling for $ 112 million. [4] BPUs are active against many types of insect pests, (e.g. lepidoptera coleoptera, diptera) in agriculture, [1] [5] as well as being used against termites and animal health pests such as ...
Such mutative resistance is characterized by the presence of kdr alleles in the insect's genome. Knockdown resistance, first identified and characterized in the house fly (Musca domestica) in the 1950s, remains a threat to the continued usefulness of pyrethroids in the control of many pest species. Research since 1990 has provided a wealth of ...
The pesticide manual provides much information on pesticides. [6] [7] Many of the insecticides in the list are not in use. The developer of a pesticide applies for a common name when they intend to sell it, but some nevertheless do not reach the market. Many insecticides have been banned or otherwise withdrawn from the market over the decades.
The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) was formed in 1984 and works as a specialist technical group of the industry association CropLife to be able to provide a coordinated industry response to prevent or delay the development of insecticide resistance in insect, mite and nematode pests. IRAC strives to facilitate communication and ...
The evolution of resistance to first-generation drugs (e.g. chloroquine) and to insecticides exacerbated the situation. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Resistance was largely fueled by unrestricted agricultural use. Resistance and the harm both to humans and the environment led many governments to curtail DDT use in vector control and agriculture. [ 13 ]
An agricultural aircraft applies low-insecticide bait against western corn rootworm.. Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. [1]