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It is a yellow paramagnetic gas (deep-red as a solid or liquid), as expected from its having an odd number of electrons: it is stable towards dimerisation due to the delocalisation of the unpaired electron.
Paramagnetic materials include aluminium, oxygen, titanium, and iron oxide (FeO). Therefore, a simple rule of thumb is used in chemistry to determine whether a particle (atom, ion, or molecule) is paramagnetic or diamagnetic: [ 3 ] if all electrons in the particle are paired, then the substance made of this particle is diamagnetic; if it has ...
The molecule ClO 2 has an odd number of valence electrons, and therefore, it is a paramagnetic radical. It is an unusual "example of an odd-electron molecule stable toward dimerization" (nitric oxide being another example). [5] A unit cell of the orthorhombic ClO 2 crystal shown in an arbitrary direction.
Molecular compounds that contain one or more unpaired electrons are paramagnetic. The magnitude of the paramagnetism is expressed as an effective magnetic moment, μ eff. For first-row transition metals the magnitude of μ eff is, to a first approximation, a simple function of the number of unpaired electrons, the spin-only formula.
Nitric oxide is a heteronuclear molecule that exhibits mixing. The construction of its MO diagram is the same as for the homonuclear molecules. It has a bond order of 2.5 and is a paramagnetic molecule. The energy differences of the 2s orbitals are different enough that each produces its own non-bonding σ orbitals.
The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (Cl −), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl).
Copper(II) chloride is paramagnetic. Of historical interest, CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O was used in the first electron paramagnetic resonance measurements by Yevgeny Zavoisky in 1944. [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
With one more valence electron than diamagnetic TiCl 4, VCl 4 is a paramagnetic liquid. It is one of only a few paramagnetic compounds that is liquid at room temperature. VCl 4 is prepared by chlorination of vanadium metal. VCl 5 does not form in this reaction; Cl 2 lacks the oxidizing power to attack VCl 4.