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Since the 1990s, several novel classes of antiemetics have been developed and commercialized, becoming a nearly universal standard in chemotherapy regimens, and helping to better manage these symptoms in a large portion of patients. Efficient mediation of these unpleasant and sometimes debilitating symptoms results in increased quality of life ...
The first-generation 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron, dolasetron, granisetron, and tropisetron) have been the most important drugs in antiemetic therapy for emetogenic chemotherapy. They are especially effective in treating acute emesis , occurring in the first 24 hours following chemotherapy . [ 38 ]
A painting from 1681 depicting a person affected by nausea and vomiting. Cancer and nausea are associated in about fifty percent of people affected by cancer. [1] This may be as a result of the cancer itself, or as an effect of the treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other medication such as opiates used for pain relief.
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated. [1] [2]
Feelings of nausea occur among approximately 7 out of every 10 people (70%) but this can be well controlled with anti-nausea drugs. There are many options available to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Pain in the vein during the infusion of oxaliplatin or folinic acid – This can be managed by decreasing the rate of infusion.
Chemotherapy-induced emesis appears to consist of acute and delayed phases. So far, the acute phase emesis responds to 5-HT 3 antagonists while the delayed phase remains difficult to control. The discovery and development of NK 1 receptor antagonists have elicited antiemetic effect in both acute and especially in delayed phases of emesis. [5]
Aprepitant, sold under the brand name Emend among others, is a medication used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. [5] It may be used together with ondansetron and dexamethasone. [5] It is taken by mouth [5] or administered by intravenous injection. [3]
Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology. [1] [2] The term chemotherapy now means the non-specific use of intracellular poisons to inhibit mitosis (cell division) or to induce DNA damage (so that DNA repair can augment chemotherapy ...