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The population of Europe in 2015 was estimated to be 741 million according to the United Nations, [12] which was slightly less than 11% of the world population. The precise figure depends on the exact definition of the geographic extent of Europe. The population of the European Union (EU) was 509 million as of 2015. [13]
Graph of world population over the past 12,000 years . As a general rule, the confidence of estimates on historical world population decreases for the more distant past. Robust population data exist only for the last two or three centuries. Until the late 18th century, few governments had ever performed an accurate census.
European population reached a peak growth rate of 10 per thousand per year in the second half of the 19th century. During the 20th century, the growth rate among the European populations fell and was overtaken by a rapid acceleration in the growth rate in other continents, which reached 21 per thousand per year in the last 50 years of the ...
Rather than taking the costly route of improving soil fertility, the English increased labor productivity by industrializing agriculture. From 1750 to 1850, European nations experienced population booms; however, European agriculture was barely able to keep pace with the dietary needs.
The population of Europe remained at a low level in the Early Middle Ages, boomed during the High Middle Ages and reached a peak around 1300, then a number of calamities caused a steep decline, the nature of which historians have debated. Population levels began to recover around the late 15th century, gaining momentum in the early 16th century.
The High Middle Ages of the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries show a rapidly increasing population of Europe, which caused great social and political change from the preceding era. By 1250, the robust population increase greatly benefited the economy, reaching levels it would not see again in some areas until the 19th century. [45]
By 1860, 34% of Uruguay's population was composed of foreign-born individuals. [22] By 1908, this figure had declined to 17.4%, with the majority of the population being descendants of immigrants who had settled in earlier decades. [22] Similarly, in Argentina, it is estimated that by 1914, 30% of the population was of foreign origin. [23] [24]
Yet, only the population growth of the late Middle Ages allowed for larger population movements, inside and outside of the continent. [53] The European exploration of the Americas stimulated a steady stream of voluntary migration from Europe. Roughly one and a half million Europeans settled in the New World during the period of 1500 and 1800. [46]