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Elschnig's spots are black spots surrounded by bright yellow or red halos seen on the retina during fundoscopy in patients with advanced hypertensive retinopathy. They are named after Anton Elschnig .
Vitreoretinal traction or retinal detachment cause flashes, floaters or dark shadows. [10] Sudden loss of vision may occur due to retinal artery occlusion, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment. Intravascular occlusions may be seen in optic disc vessels. [11]
Macular edema is the most common cause of vision loss in people with diabetic retinopathy. [5] The repeated processes of blood vessel growth, swelling, and scarring can eventually cause retinal detachment, which manifests as the sudden appearance of dark floating spots, flashes of light, or blurred vision. [9] [10]
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a member of a group of genetic disorders called inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) that cause loss of vision. [1] Symptoms include trouble seeing at night and decreasing peripheral vision (side and upper or lower visual field). [1]
The diagnosis of POHS is based on the clinical triad of multiple white, atrophic choroidal scars, peripapillary pigment changes (dark spots around optic disc of the eye), and a maculopathy caused by choroidal neovascularization. Completely distinct from POHS, acute ocular histoplasmosis may rarely occur in immunodeficiency. [1] [2]
Melasma affects up to 33 percent of men and women. Read on to learn what causes the chronic skin condition and what you can do to keep it at bay.
A retinal tear may also allow fluid to leak behind the retina, causing it to detach. This will often leak blood into the vitreous, which is seen by the patient as a sudden appearance of numerous small black dots or ribbons moving across the field of vision. Sometimes a gray curtain may appear to partially block vision in one eye.
Pigmentary changes in the retina – In addition to the pigmented cells in the iris (the colored part of the eye), there are pigmented cells beneath the retina. As these cells break down and release their pigment, dark clumps of released pigment and later, areas that are less pigmented may appear [citation needed]