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Elschnig's spots are black spots surrounded by bright yellow or red halos seen on the retina during fundoscopy in patients with advanced hypertensive retinopathy. They are named after Anton Elschnig .
The white dots are small and located in the posterior pole at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The white dots may disappear after the first few weeks of the disease. The cause is generally unknown, but a viral illness has been reported prior to multiple evanescent white dot syndrom in one-third of cases. [2]
Cotton wool spots are commonly caused by changes to the retina secondary to diabetes, hypertension, or blockages to blood vessels to the retina, such as central retinal vein occlusion. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] While at one point believed to have been the result of nerve damage in the retina, interruptions to axoplasmic flow to these nerves may result from ...
Melasma affects up to 33 percent of men and women. Read on to learn what causes the chronic skin condition and what you can do to keep it at bay.
The dots are usually black/gray on a white background and gray/white on a black background; however, they can also be transparent, white flashing, or colored. Presence of at least 2 additional visual symptoms of the 4 following categories: i. Palinopsia. At least 1 of the following: afterimages or trailing of moving objects. ii.
Common causes of scotomas include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (retrobulbar neuritis), damage to nerve fiber layer in the retina (seen as cotton wool spots [3]) due to hypertension, toxic substances such as methyl alcohol, ethambutol and quinine, nutritional deficiencies, vascular blockages either in the retina or in the optic nerve, stroke or other brain injury, and ...
A retinal tear may also allow fluid to leak behind the retina, causing it to detach. This will often leak blood into the vitreous, which is seen by the patient as a sudden appearance of numerous small black dots or ribbons moving across the field of vision. Sometimes a gray curtain may appear to partially block vision in one eye.
Vitreoretinal traction or retinal detachment cause flashes, floaters or dark shadows. [10] Sudden loss of vision may occur due to retinal artery occlusion, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment. Intravascular occlusions may be seen in optic disc vessels. [11]