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Acceptance angle. The "acceptance angle" figure illustrates this concept. The concentrator is a lens with a receiver R.The left section of the figure shows a set of parallel rays incident on the concentrator at an angle α < θ to the optical axis.
A solar power tower at Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project concentrating light via 10,000 mirrored heliostats spanning thirteen million sq ft (1.21 km 2). The three towers of the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility Part of the 354 MW SEGS solar complex in northern San Bernardino County, California Bird's eye view of Khi Solar One, South Africa
According to the authors, this ratio is well approximated by ln(fQ s /Q c), where f is the combination of factors f s f ω t s /(2t c), in which f ω is the solid angle of the sun divided by π. The maximum value of f without light concentration (with reflectors for example) is just f ω /2, or 1.09 × 10 −5, according to the authors.
An example of a Low Concentration PV Cell's surface, showing the glass lensing. Low concentration PV are systems with a solar concentration of 2–100 suns. [37] For economic reasons, conventional or modified silicon solar cells are typically used. The heat flux is typically low enough that the cells do not need to be actively cooled.
A parabolic trough is made of a number of solar collector modules (SCM) fixed together to move as one solar collector assembly (SCA). A SCM could have a length up to 15 metres (49 ft 3 in) or more. About a dozen or more of SCM make each SCA up to 200 metres (656 ft 2 in) length. Each SCA is an independently-tracking parabolic trough. [9]
The concentration factor interacts with the efficiency of the device to determine overall output. The concentration factor is the ratio between the incoming and emitted irradiance. If the input irradiance is 1 kW/m2 and the output irradiance is 10 kW/m2, that would provide a concentration factor of 10.
Modern solar collectors can concentrate only so much energy for safety's sake: too much in one place and they risk cooking themselves. An IBM-led group is working on a new collector dish that ...
For example, when the sun is more than about 60° above the horizon (<30°) the solar intensity is about 1000 W/m 2 (from equation I.1 as shown in the above table), whereas when the sun is only 15° above the horizon (=75°) the solar intensity is still about 600 W/m 2 or 60% of its maximum level; and at only 5° above the horizon still 27% of ...