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Retinal detachment is a condition where the retina pulls away from the tissue underneath it. [1] [2] [3] It may start in a small area, but without quick treatment, it can spread across the entire retina, leading to serious vision loss and possibly blindness. [4] Retinal detachment is a medical emergency that requires surgery. [2] [3]
The Stages describe the ophthalmoscopic findings at the junction between the vascularized and avascular retina. Stage 1 is a faint demarcation line. Stage 2 is an elevated ridge. Stage 3 is extraretinal fibrovascular tissue. Stage 4 is sub-total retinal detachment. Stage 5 is total retinal detachment.
A retinal tuft is a gliotic degeneration of the retina composed of focal adhesions in the extracellular matrix joining the retina and the posterior hyaloid of the eye. [4] [5] Retinal tufts are a common lesion of the retina and under 1% of these tufts are thought to lead to retinal detachment.
Retinal detachment should be considered if there were preceding flashes or floaters, or if there is a new visual field defect in one eye. [2] [3] If treated early enough, retinal tear and detachment can have a good outcome. [2]
Photopsia can present as retinal detachment when examined by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. However, it can also be a sign of uveal melanoma. This condition is extremely rare (affecting 5–7 per 1 million people, typically fair-skinned, blue-eyed northern Europeans). Photopsia should be investigated immediately.
The initial retinal degenerative symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa are characterized by decreased night vision and the loss of the mid-peripheral visual field. [4] The rod photoreceptor cells, which are responsible for low-light vision and are orientated mainly in the retinal periphery, are the retinal processes affected first during non ...
Vitreoretinal traction or retinal detachment cause flashes, floaters or dark shadows. [10] Sudden loss of vision may occur due to retinal artery occlusion, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment. Intravascular occlusions may be seen in optic disc vessels. [11]
One grey area in the entire mechanism of outer segment disc shedding is in what exactly triggers the detachment of the discs and how they are transported out of the OS and phagocytosed by the RPE cells. Some studies suggest that disc detachment precedes engulfment by the RPE cells, and that an active process in the rod outer segment severs the ...