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A typical five-line staff. In Western musical notation, the staff [1] [2] (UK also stave; [3] plural: staffs or staves), [1] also occasionally referred to as a pentagram, [4] [5] [6] is a set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that each represent a different musical pitch or in the case of a percussion staff, different percussion instruments.
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
The first Western system of functional names for the musical notes was introduced by Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – after 1033), using the beginning syllables of the first six musical lines of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis. The original sequence was Ut Re Mi Fa Sol La, where each verse started a scale note higher. "Ut" later became "Do".
Because of that, all notes with these kinds of relations can be grouped under the same pitch class and are often given the same name. The top note of a musical scale is the bottom note's second harmonic and has double the bottom note's frequency. Because both notes belong to the same pitch class, they are often called by the same name.
The word neume entered the English language in the Middle English forms newme, nevme, neme in the 15th century, from the Middle French neume, in turn from either medieval Latin pneuma or neuma, the former either from ancient Greek πνεῦμα pneuma ('breath') or νεῦμα neuma ("sign"), [4] [5] or else directly from Greek as a corruption or an adaptation of the former.
Percussion notation is a type of musical notation indicating notes to be played by percussion instruments. As with other forms of musical notation, sounds are represented by symbols which are usually written onto a musical staff (or stave). Percussion instruments are generally grouped into two categories: pitched and non-pitched. The notation ...
Diagram of treble, alto and bass clefs with identical-sounding musical notes aligned vertically Middle C represented on (from left to right) treble, alto, tenor and bass clefs Three clefs aligned to middle C. A clef (from French: clef 'key') is a musical symbol used to indicate which notes are represented by the lines and spaces on a musical ...
In music, letter notation is a system of representing a set of pitches, for example, the notes of a scale, by letters. For the complete Western diatonic scale , for example, these would be the letters A-G, possibly with a trailing symbol to indicate a half-step raise ( sharp , ♯ ) or a half-step lowering ( flat , ♭ ).