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2. Luminous efficacy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_efficacy

   Luminous efficacy can be normalized by the maximum possible luminous efficacy to a dimensionless quantity called luminous efficiency.The distinction between efficacy and efficiency is not always carefully maintained in published sources, so it is not uncommon to see "efficiencies" expressed in lumens per watt, or "efficacies" expressed as a percentage.

3. Luminous efficiency function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_efficiency_function

   Φ v is the luminous flux, in lumens; Φ e,λ is the spectral radiant flux, in watts per nanometre; y (λ), also known as V(λ), is the luminosity function, dimensionless; λ is the wavelength, in nanometres. Formally, the integral is the inner product of the luminosity function with the spectral power distribution. [2]

4. Lumen (unit) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(unit)

   The lumen (symbol: lm) is the unit of luminous flux, a measure of the perceived power of visible light emitted by a source, in the International System of Units (SI). Luminous flux differs from power ( radiant flux ), which encompasses all electromagnetic waves emitted, including non-visible ones such as thermal radiation ( infrared ).

5. Energy conversion efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conversion_efficiency

   The sensitivity of the human eye to various wavelengths. Assuming each wavelength equals 1 watt of radiant energy, only the center wavelength is perceived as 683 candelas (1 watt of luminous energy), equaling 683 lumens. The vertical colored-lines represent the 589 (yellow) sodium line, and popular 532 nm (green), 671 nm (red), 473 nm (blue ...

6. LED lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_lamp

   LED lamps are significantly more energy-efficient than equivalent incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. [2] [3] [4] The most efficient commercially available LED lamps have efficiencies exceeding 200 lumens per watt (lm/W) and convert more than half the input power into light.

7. Light-emitting diode physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics

   White LEDs quickly matched and overtook the efficacy of standard incandescent lighting systems. In 2002, Lumileds made five-watt LEDs available with luminous efficacy of 18–22 lumens per watt (lm/W). For comparison, a conventional incandescent light bulb of 60–100 watts emits around 15 lm/W, and standard fluorescent lights emit up to 100 lm/W.