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A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
/// Performs a Karatsuba square root on a `u64`. pub fn u64_isqrt (mut n: u64)-> u64 {if n <= u32:: MAX as u64 {// If `n` fits in a `u32`, let the `u32` function handle it. return u32_isqrt (n as u32) as u64;} else {// The normalization shift satisfies the Karatsuba square root // algorithm precondition "a₃ ≥ b/4" where a₃ is the most ...
The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.
A root of degree 2 is called a square root and a root of degree 3, a cube root. Roots of higher degree are referred by using ordinal numbers, as in fourth root, twentieth root, etc. The computation of an n th root is a root extraction. For example, 3 is a square root of 9, since 3 2 = 9, and −3 is also a square root of 9, since (−3) 2 = 9.
The square root of two is the frequency ratio of a tritone interval in twelve-tone equal temperament music. The square root of two forms the relationship of f-stops in photographic lenses, which in turn means that the ratio of areas between two successive apertures is 2.
The Tonelli–Shanks algorithm (referred to by Shanks as the RESSOL algorithm) is used in modular arithmetic to solve for r in a congruence of the form r 2 ≡ n (mod p), where p is a prime: that is, to find a square root of n modulo p.