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Rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, and astroviruses are known to cause viral gastroenteritis. [26] Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children, [25] and produces similar rates in both the developed and developing world. [20] Viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea in the pediatric age group. [13]
In 1973, Ruth Bishop and colleagues described related viruses found in children with gastroenteritis. [ 5 ] In 1974, Thomas Henry Flewett suggested the name rotavirus after observing that, when viewed through an electron microscope , a rotavirus particle looks like a wheel ( rota in Latin) [ 155 ] [ 156 ] the name was officially recognised by ...
Human astroviruses are associated with gastroenteritis in children and immunocompromised adults. [32] 2–8% of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children is associated with human astrovirus. These viral particles are usually detected in epithelial cells of the duodenum. [4]
Sapovirus is a genetically diverse genus of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, non-enveloped viruses within the family Caliciviridae. [1] [2] Together with norovirus, sapoviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (commonly called the "stomach flu" although it is not related to influenza) in humans and animals.
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus and sometimes referred to as the winter vomiting disease, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. [ 1 ] [ 6 ] Infection is characterized by non-bloody diarrhea , vomiting , and stomach pain .
Human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-F41), is an enteric Adenovirus, a nonenveloped virus with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. [1]It can particularly target the gastrointestinal tract to cause gastroenteritis, with symptoms similar to rotavirus gastroenteritis and norovirus. [2]
Antibiotics will not be effective if the cause of gastroenteritis is a viral infection. Doctors usually do not recommend antidiarrheal medications (e.g., Loperamide) for gastroenteritis because they tend to prolong infection, especially in children. [2] Parasitic infections are difficult to treat. A number of drugs are available once the ...
Norovirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in adults, [31] but rotavirus is the most common cause in children under five years old. [32] Adenovirus types 40 and 41, [ 33 ] and astroviruses cause a significant number of infections. [ 34 ]