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  2. Scientific notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation

    In scientific notation, this is written 9.109 383 56 × 10 −31 kg. The Earth's mass is about 5 972 400 000 000 000 000 000 000 kg. [21] In scientific notation, this is written 5.9724 × 10 24 kg. The Earth's circumference is approximately 40 000 000 m. [22] In scientific notation, this is 4 × 10 7 m. In engineering notation, this is written ...

  3. Large numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_numbers

    To compare numbers in scientific notation, ... in between can be expressed in the form ... 6.2 the result of proper rounding using significant figures, ...

  4. Decimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal

    This form of fraction remained in use for centuries. [27] [30] Positional decimal fractions appear for the first time in a book by the Arab mathematician Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi written in the 10th century. [31] The Jewish mathematician Immanuel Bonfils used decimal fractions around 1350 but did not develop any notation to represent them. [32]

  5. Metric prefix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix

    For long-scale scientific work, particularly in astronomy, the Julian year or annum (a) is a standardised variant of the year, equal to exactly 31 557 600 seconds (⁠365 + 1 / 4 ⁠ days). The unit is so named because it was the average length of a year in the Julian calendar .

  6. Representation theory of the Lorentz group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theory_of...

    Then, for example, (0, ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠) and (1, ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠) are a spin representations of dimensions 2⋅ ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠ + 1 = 4 and (2 + 1)(2⋅ ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ + 1) = 6 respectively. According to the above paragraph, there are subspaces with spin both ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠ and ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ in the last two cases, so these representations cannot likely ...

  7. Algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

    Flowchart of using successive subtractions to find the greatest common divisor of number r and s. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈ æ l ɡ ə r ɪ ð əm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [1]

  8. History of mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics

    As in China, there is a lack of continuity in Indian mathematics; significant advances are separated by long periods of inactivity. [127] Pāṇini (c. 5th century BC) formulated the rules for Sanskrit grammar. [131] His notation was similar to modern mathematical notation, and used metarules, transformations, and recursion. [132]

  9. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    ] To function properly, the body requires between one and seven litres (0.22 and 1.54 imp gal; 0.26 and 1.85 US gal) [citation needed] of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Most of this is ingested through foods or beverages other than drinking ...